The index influenza A virus subtype H5N1 isolated from a human in 1997 differs in its receptor-binding properties from a virulent avian influenza virus To gain insight into the events that occur when avian influenza viruses are transmitted to humans, the receptor-binding properties of the index H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a human in 1997 and the A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (H5N9) virus were compared, by using a haemadsorption assay ...more _______________________________________________________

Influenza pandemic Influenza pandemics have been recognized for several centuries. In the last century, H. influenzae (and other bacteria) were cited as the causal agent, but in 1933 Smith, Andrewes and Laidlaw isolated the virus in ferrets. In the 1940's...more _______________________________________________________

Comparisons of Highly Virulent H5N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Humans and Chickens from Hong Kong Genes of an influenza A (H5N1) virus from a human in Hong Kong isolated in May 1997 were sequenced and found to be all avian-like (K. Subbarao et al., Science 279:393–395, 1998). Gene sequences of this human isolate were compared to those of a highly pathogenic chicken H5N1 influenza virus isolated from Hong Kong in April 1997 ...more _______________________________________________________

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus We have evaluated a diagnostic system based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid, simple, and sensitive detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) directly from culture isolates as well as clinical samples. By using one set of specific primers targeting the fusion protein gene ...more _______________________________________________________

Rapid Detection of Avian Influenza Virus Using One Tube Sybr Green I Based Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction A one step SYBR Green I based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of avian influenza virus subtypes was developed. The assay was optimized using primers that amplified the conserved region of nucleocapsid (NP) gene and serially diluted RNA of AIV subtype H3N8...more _______________________________________________________

Avian influenza ("bird flu") and the significance of its transmission to humans Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. The disease, which was first identified in Italy more than 100 years ago, occurs worldwide. ...more _______________________________________________________

Riboflavin Deficiency Only a few poultry feedstuffs contain enough riboflavin to meet the requirement of young growing chicks, poults, or ducklings. Hence, if the ingredients of a poultry feed are not carefully selected, or if a...more _______________________________________________________

Vitamin E Deficiency Although both selenium and antioxidants can spare the requirements of vitamin E for certain functions, practical poultry diets should still contain vitamin E. Encephalomalacia occurs when ...more _______________________________________________________

Erysipelas Erysipelas is primarily an acute infection that results in sudden death. In an affected flock, a few birds may be depressed but easily...more _______________________________________________________

Inactivation of Bacteria in Stacked Poultry Litter The goal of this research was to develop easily measurable parameters for assessing conditions that would eliminate or reduce potentially pathogenic bacteria in ...more _______________________________________________________

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