CASTRATING CALVES AND LAMBS Castration, stated simply, is the unsexing of a male animal. The practice of castrating males, in animal species used for food production purposes...more _______________________________________________________

Anatomy of cow reproductive system The genital tract of non-pregnant cows normally lies in the pelvic cavity and consists of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tubes (oviducts), ovaries and their supporting structures ...more _______________________________________________________

Endocrinology of reproduction of cow The development of radio-immunoassay (RIA), competitive protein binding (CPB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods since the 1960s has allowed rapid, accurate and sensitive measurement of the concentration of several pituitary, ovarian and adrenal hormones in blood, tissue, milk and urine ...more _______________________________________________________

Tapeworms in Horses Diagnosis of infections of tapeworms in live horses is difficult. Detection of their eggs in horse feces is not reliable by standard techniques for determining presence of eggs of other internal parasites ...more _______________________________________________________

West Nile Fever West Nile fever is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease of humans and animals whose natural life cycle involves viral transmission between mosquitoes and birds. West Nile virus (WNV) occurs throughout much of ...more _______________________________________________________

Vaccination best defense for equine against mosquito-borne diseases In 40 states across the nation, a total of 14,717 equine were diagnosed with West Nile Virus last year, including...more _______________________________________________________

Mosquito-Borne Encephalitis - with special emphasis on equines Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus is the most pathogenic mosquito-borne virus in the United States. It occurs principally east of the Mississippi River and is transmitted by...more _______________________________________________________

Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Cattle Estrous synchronization is a useful part of an artificial insemination program. Synchronization of estrus allows a producer to schedule labor for a concentrated time during the...more _______________________________________________________

Estrous Synchronization Protocols There are four prostaglandin protocols used to synchronize estrus in ...A low cost system for estrous synchronization uses Melengestrol Acetate (MGA) and prostaglandin...more _______________________________________________________

Costs and Potential Outcomes Of an Estrus Synchronization Program Cost of using a synchronization program in your cow herd depends on many factors, including labor and facilities, products used in the different...more _______________________________________________________

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